Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a group of chemical treatment technologies used primarily for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from water and air. These processes involve the generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals through the use of chemical oxidants such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and UV light. These hydroxyl radicals can then react with and break down a wide range of organic and inorganic contaminants, resulting in their degradation into simpler, less harmful compounds. AOPs are often used in the treatment of industrial wastewater, groundwater remediation, and air purification, among other applications. These technologies are considered to be highly effective in removing a wide range of pollutants and are increasingly being used as an alternative to traditional treatment methods.